Dopaminergic stimulation up-regulates the in vivo expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the striatum

AbstractWe investigated the effect of dopamine on the in vivo expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the striatum of mouse. BDNF mRNA expression in the striation, which was Quantified with the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, was up-repulated from 2 h after oral administration of levodopa, a precursor of dopamine. The increase was sustained for 16 h. Co-administrstion of haloperidol partially inhibited dopamine-induced BDNF enhancement. These data suggest that dopaminergic stimulation directly promotes the expression of BDNF in the striatum in vivo

都市の将来シナリオに基づく建築物のストック予測と二酸化炭素排出量の評価

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 花木 啓祐, 東京大学教授 福士 謙介, 東京大学准教授 栗栖 望, 東京大学准教授 村山 顕人, 東京大学教授 加藤 浩徳University of Tokyo(東京大学

摂食・嚥下障害患者に対するチーム医療の在り方 : 言語聴覚士と看護師の連携を中心に

This study examined the role of the speech-language-hearing therapist(SLHT). We paid attention to the connection between SLHTs and nurses to dysphagic patients and investigated SLHTs serviced to dysphagic patients and the role of the SLHT in a team approach. This study was researched that we interviewed or gathered the information by questionnaire to SLHTs rehabilitated to dysphagic patients in five hospitals. As a result of this study, the three roles of the SLHT are shown below. 1) SLHTs must develop an extensive knowledge of needs to high risk management and service to dysphagic patients in relation to it. 2) It is necessary for other professionals such as hospital nursing staffs to educational connection. 3)Cooperating with other professionals such as hospital nursing staffs is crucial

Epigenetic modulation of Fgf21 in the perinatal mouse liver ameliorates diet-induced obesity in adulthood

The nutritional environment to which animals are exposed in early life can lead to epigenetic changes in the genome that influence the risk of obesity in later life. Here, we demonstrate that the fibroblast growth factor-21 gene (Fgf21) is subject to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α–dependent DNA demethylation in the liver during the postnatal period. Reductions in Fgf21 methylation can be enhanced via pharmacologic activation of PPARα during the suckling period. We also reveal that the DNA methylation status of Fgf21, once established in early life, is relatively stable and persists into adulthood. Reduced DNA methylation is associated with enhanced induction of hepatic FGF21 expression after PPARα activation, which may partly explain the attenuation of diet-induced obesity in adulthood. We propose that Fgf21 methylation represents a form of epigenetic memory that persists into adulthood, and it may have a role in the developmental programming of obesity

Innovations for Sustainability: Pathways to an efficient and post-pandemic future

3rd Report prepared by The World in 2050 initiativ

Genetic Signatures of Evolution of the Pluripotency Gene Regulating Network across Mammals

哺乳類の多能性幹細胞における機能性遺伝子のネットワークとその多様性を解析. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-08-11.Mammalian pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have distinct molecular and biological characteristics among species, but to date we lack a comprehensive understanding of regulatory network evolution in mammals. Here, we carried out a comparative genetic analysis of 134 genes constituting the pluripotency gene regulatory network across 48 mammalian species covering all the major taxonomic groups. We report that mammalian genes in the pluripotency regulatory network show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis, suggesting the conservation of fundamental biological process of mammalian PSCs across species. Nevertheless, despite the overall conservation of the regulatory network, we discovered rapid evolution of the downstream targets of the core regulatory elements and specific amino acid residues that have undergone positive selection. Our data indicate development of lineage-specific pluripotency regulating networks that may explain observed variations in some characteristics of mammalian PSCs. We further revealed that positively selected genes could be associated with species’ unique adaptive characteristics that were not dedicated to regulation of PSCs. These results provide important insight into the evolution of the pluripotency gene regulatory network underlying variations in characteristics of mammalian PSCs